Who has right of way at T-junction UK?

170Take extra care at junctions. You should

• watch out for cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians including powered wheelchairs/mobility scooter users as they are not always easy to see. Be aware that they may not have seen or heard you if you are approaching from behind
• give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road into which or from which you are turning. If they have started to cross they have priority, so give way (see Rule H2)
• remain behind cyclists, horse riders, horse drawn vehicles and motorcyclists at junctions even if they are waiting to turn and are positioned close to the kerb
• watch out for long vehicles which may be turning at a junction ahead; they may have to use the whole width of the road to make the turn (see Rule 221)
• watch out for horse riders who may take a different line on the road from that which you would expect
• not assume, when waiting at a junction, that a vehicle coming from the right and signalling left will actually turn. Wait and make sure
• look all around before emerging. Do not cross or join a road until there is a gap large enough for you to do so safely.

Rule 170: Give way to pedestrians who have started to cross

171
You MUST stop behind the line at a junction with a ‘Stop’ sign and a solid white line across the road. Wait for a safe gap in the traffic before you move off.
Laws RTA 1988 sect 36 & TSRGD regs 10 & 16

172
The approach to a junction may have a ‘Give Way’ sign or a triangle marked on the road. You MUST give way to traffic on the main road when emerging from a junction with broken white lines across the road.
Laws RTA 1988 sect 36 & TSRGD regs 10(1),16(1) & 25

173
Dual carriageways. When crossing or turning right, first assess whether the central reservation is deep enough to protect the full length of your vehicle.

• If it is, then you should treat each half of the carriageway as a separate road. Wait in the central reservation until there is a safe gap in the traffic on the second half of the road.
• If the central reservation is too shallow for the length of your vehicle, wait until you can cross both carriageways in one go.

Rule 173: Assess your vehicle’s length and do not obstruct traffic

174
Box junctions. These have criss-cross yellow lines painted on the road (download ‘Road markings’). You MUST NOT enter the box until your exit road or lane is clear. However, you may enter the box and wait when you want to turn right, and are only stopped from doing so by oncoming traffic, or by other vehicles waiting to turn right. At signalled roundabouts you MUST NOT enter the box unless you can cross over it completely without stopping.
Law TSRGD regs 10(1) & 29(2)

Rule 174: Enter a box junction only if your exit road is clear

Junctions controlled by traffic lights175

You MUST stop behind the white ‘Stop’ line across your side of the road unless the light is green. If the amber light appears you may go on only if you have already crossed the stop line or are so close to it that to stop might cause a collision.

You MUST NOT move forward over the white line when the red light is showing. Only go forward when the traffic lights are green if there is room for you to clear the junction safely or you are taking up a position to turn right. If the traffic lights are not working, treat the situation as you would an unmarked junction and proceed with great care.

Green filter arrow. This indicates a filter lane only. Do not enter that lane unless you want to go in the direction of the arrow. You may proceed in the direction of the green arrow when it, or the full green light shows. Give other traffic, especially cyclists, time and room to move into the correct lane.

Rule 178: Do not unnecessarily encroach on the cyclists waiting area

178
​Advanced stop lines. Some signal-controlled junctions have advanced stop lines to allow cycles to be positioned ahead of other traffic. Motorists, including motorcyclists, MUST stop at the first white line reached if the lights are amber or red and should avoid blocking the way or encroaching on the marked area at other times, e.g. if the junction ahead is blocked. If your vehicle has proceeded over the first white line at the time that the signal goes red, you MUST stop at the second white line, even if your vehicle is in the marked area. Allow cyclists time and space to move off when the green signal shows.
Laws RTA 1988 sect 36 & TSRGD regs 10, 36(1) & 43(2)

Turning right

179

• use your mirrors to make sure you know the position and movement of traffic behind you
• give a right-turn signal
• take up a position just left of the middle of the road or in the space marked for traffic turning right
• leave room for other vehicles to pass on the left, if possible.

Remember: Mirrors – Signal – Manoeuvre

Rule 180: Position your vehicle correctly to avoid obstructing traffic

181
When turning right at crossroads where an oncoming vehicle is also turning right, there is a choice of two methods

• turn right side to right side; keep the other vehicle on your right and turn behind it. This is generally the safer method as you have a clear view of any approaching traffic when completing your turn
• left side to left side, turning in front of each other. This can block your view of oncoming vehicles, so take extra care. Cyclists and motorcyclists in particular may be hidden from your view. Road layout, markings or how the other vehicle is positioned can determine which course should be taken.

Rule 181: Left - Turning right side to right side. Right - Turning left side to left side

Turning left

182

Rule 182: Do not cut in on cyclists

183When turning

• keep as close to the left as is safe and practicable
• give way to any vehicles using a bus lane, cycle lane, cycle track or tramway from either direction, including when they are passing slow moving or stationary vehicles on either side.

Many crashes occur at intersections - be careful and always approach an intersection at a safe speed that allows you to give way or stop in time.

What are unmarked crossroads?

Unmarked crossroads have nothing that “controls” the junction i.e. no ‘Stop’ or ‘Give Way’ signs or lines, no traffic lights and no police or other authorised person directing the traffic. Approach at a low speed and treat unmarked crossroads as if you face a 'Give Way' sign.

What does giving way to a driver or pedestrian mean?

Giving way means slowing down or stopping to let another vehicle or pedestrian pass. When giving way, you must slow down or stop until the road is clear and it's safe for you to proceed.

Facing a ‘Give Way’ or ‘Stop’ sign

These signs are used to control traffic and are located:

• at junctions where caution is needed due to poor or limited visibility
• where vehicles on the other road have priority

‘Stop’ lines and signs

You MUST stop behind the line at a junction with a ‘Stop’ sign and a solid white line across the road. Wait for a safe gap in the traffic before you move off.

‘Give Way’ lines and signs

The approach to a junction may have a ‘Give Way’ sign or a triangle marked on the road. You MUST give way to traffic on the main road when emerging from a junction with broken white lines across the road.

General ‘Give Way’ rules

'Give Way' rules are designed to allow vehicles to move predictably in all situations where their paths cross each other.

The most important rules are:

• Traffic on major roads has priority over traffic on minor roads.
• Vehicles travelling straight ahead or turning left has priority over traffic turning right. When turning right, you have to wait for a safe gap in oncoming traffic.

If turning, you must also give way to all pedestrians crossing the road that you are entering.

Some situations

However, you should do your best to avoid a collision in every situation. If another driver does not give way to you even though you have priority, stop or give way to avoid a collision.

If the road that you wish to enter is blocked by other traffic, you should stay on the approach side until you see a big enough gap on the other side.

Giving way when changing lanes

You must always give way to traffic travelling in the lane that you are moving to.

Giving way when merging

When the lane you’re in ends, you must merge.

• In light traffic, a simple lane change will do.
• In moderate to heavy traffic, a ‘Zipper Merge’ is an effective way to maintain the traffic flow going. The Zipper Merge is when drivers use both lanes and alternate into the open lane by merging in turn.

Merging in turn is recommended but only if safe and appropriate when vehicles are travelling at a very low speed, e.g. when approaching road works or a road traffic incident. It is not recommended at high speed. Indicate your intentions clearly to avoid confusion.

Giving way at crossings

Give way to pedestrians and cyclists on or entering a crossing. Approach at a safe speed from which you are safely able to stop if anyone decides to cross. Do not overtake a vehicle that has stopped to give way at a crossing.

Giving way when passing obstructions

Give way to oncoming vehicles before passing parked vehicles or other obstructions on your side of the road.

Entering the traffic stream

In general, you should give way when entering the traffic stream, such as when leaving a driveway or parked position.

Remember to always check the blind spot by looking over your shoulder just before you pull out to enter traffic.

Bridges

Bridges are often narrow and you should drive carefully to avoid a collision or accident. If the bridge is unable to fit two vehicles passing each other, give way to a driver who is approaching or is on the bridge